Biological characteristics of the primitive flatfish Indian halibut (Psettodes erumei) from the tropical northeastern Indian Ocean, including implications of the use of incorrect aging methods on mortality estimates

The Indian halibut (Psettodes erumei) is an important flatfish species in tropical and subtropical waters of the northern Ocean. However, inappropriate aging methods used previous studies limited use age growth data from those studies. This study highlights importance correct identification sexually dimorphic growth, particularly if characteristics are to estimate mortality rates. Counts opaque zones whole otoliths were almost always fewer than their corresponding sections, for older individuals. Multiple validation demonstrate form annually halibut. Although frequency females increased with size, due males attained a greater maximum (16 versus 11 years). Because ages rapid early described this study, natural estimates calculated by using Pauly’s equation, males, higher derived same equation studies, which employed parameter based on otoliths, vertebrae, or monthly length–frequency trends and, typically, did not account growth. In northwestern Australia, spawning commences when water temperature day length begin increase occurs between spring late summer.